To purchase firearms these days you need to apply for a PAL, and with the application you need to send proof that you've taken the Canadian Firearms Safety Course / or challenged and successfully passed the test. I'd suggest picking up the manual for the course and challenge the course since you already are familiar with firearms. (I believe you can download a PDF file on-line, but I don't know the Internet address)
You can do this at this organization if you're near Calgary or Edmonton:
www.aheia.com/
There is both a practical and a written exam, but it is not difficult as long as you know the material covered in the course book.
Like Don already mentioned, the registry and the licensing system are two completely different requirements.
There is a minimum "waiting period" of 28 days for new PAL applicants, but realistically it will take about 45 - 60 days to get your PAL once the application is submitted.