Many countries of the world are already on a declining population trend if you carve out immigration. It wouldn't take a whole lot to get the remainder over the hump. Basically bring them into the first world financially in their own countries and they will opt for less kids. Nature of the beast. But any time a country starts on the downward trend, like Japan, all we do is talk about the woes to finance if population deflates and then we do our hardest to promote baby making and importing people to prop up that growth model.
Japan is an interesting model however with their resistance to immigration. They haven't been growing and are aging and yet their financial and social systems haven't totally collapsed. Haven't exactly flourished but nothing wrong with some moderation in light of the alternative. Hmmm maybe we can get away from the never ending growth model. Might not be the easiest or most profitable path short term but the over population path isn't going to be easy in the longer term...most are starting to see that light as we get closer to the breaking point.
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